In this prospective descriptive study, all patients with acute lower limb ischemia who presented to Shohada Tajrish Hospital (Srn) between July 2001 and July 2003 were analyzed and followed for 6 months. The total population of 109 patients, with no significant difference in sexual distribution had a mean age of 64±16 years. 23% had AF and 31% had a history of MI, but in the ECG of30%, no pathologic finding had been detected. Pain and coolness were the two most prevalent symptoms. Only one third of the patients had normal sensory and motor examination in their limb and the rest had different degrees of impairment. More than 70% of the patients arrived here after 12 hours from the onset of the symptoms. Fasciotomy was done in 29%, and amputation in 23.5%. The mortality rate was 12.2%. Surgical site infection occurred in 11% and 14.1% underwent re- embolectomy. There were no pseudoaneurysms. The time interval from the onset, sensory and motor findings, and calf tendemess affected the prognosis. Prognosis was better in smokers. The iatrogenic group which consisted of 13.7% of our patient population had the best prognosis (no mortality or morbidity). 4% of the patients who had first undergone embolectomy in other centers, all lost their limbs. In cases of late embolectomies, venotomy and heparin flush has lowered the amputation level without increasing mortality. Early referral by a cardiologist, receiving heparin rapidly and smoking are among the factors which improve prognosis.

Phocomelia, ie the absence or severe hypoplasia of the long tubular bones with more or less intact hands and or feet, is widely known to be the most spectacular finding of thalidomide embryopathy. It may be complete in the form that proximal and distal bones of limb are absent or may be incomplete when either proximal or distal bones are missing. It is known to occur in some familial syndromes such as Roberts’s syndrome, the DK Phocomelia syndrome and in a few other extremely rare syndromes.Phocomelia syndromes are multiple malformations syndrome that includes skeletal, genitourinary such as renal agenesis, gastrointestinal system, eye abnormalties eg cloudy corneas, craniofacial abnormalities including silvery blonde hair, extensive hemangiomas and hypoplastic nasal cartilage. These syndromes include autosomal recessive form of VACTERL hydrocephaly syndrome (David-O’Callaghan syndrome), X-linked recessive form (Hunter Mac Murray) syndrome, DK-phocomelia (von Voss-Cherstvoy) syndrome and Laurin-Sandrow Syndrome (LSS).

Purpose: This study was conducted to investigate the effect of 6 weeks of core stability exercises in the trunk area on lower limb alignment and lower and upper limb function in Kyokushin athletes. Methods: The statistical sample of the research included 30 female Kyokushin players aged 14-18 years, who were randomly divided into two experimental and control groups. The control group performed common Kyokushin exercises and the experimental group performed core stability exercises for 6 weeks. Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) and paired t-tests were used to compare between groups and within groups. Results: The results of the paired t-test showed a significant effect of training programs on changes in upper and lower limb function in both experimental and control groups (P≤0. 05),however, a significant difference was observed between the pre-test and post-test in both control and experimental group. The test was not observed in the Q angle (P>0. 05). The results of ANCOVA test showed that after controlling the effect of the pre-test, a significant difference was observed in lateral jump (P≤0. 05) between the experimental and control groups. However, no difference was observed between the two groups in the changes of closed kinetic chain upper extremity stability test (CKCUEST), square jump, and Q angle (P>0. 05). Conclusion: Considering the nature of Kyokushin and the research results, it is suggested that people working in Kyokushin do not feel the need for core stability exercises separately.

Discrepancy in limb lengths (anisomelia) is a common orthopedic problem, arising from either shortening or overgrowth of one or more bones in the limbs. The object of this study was determination of lower limb lengthening operation results in 21 patient with lower limbs - length discrepancy that were admitted in Hamadan Hospitals in 1987- 1999. In this Cross - Sectional Descriptive Study, all lower limb lengthening operated in Hamadan Hospitals in 1987 - 1999 was studied. Primary data were recorded on the basis of patients files in hospital, then the necessary data were completed using the patients files in the private centers and later examination. Finally collected data were analyzed by EPI Info 6 software. The mean of age in the studied patients was 16.6±4.9years. The most frequency of patients age (38%), was in age group of 13-15 years. 90.5% of patients were operated by leg lengthening and 9.5% of them by thigh lengthening. 71.5% of patients were obtained increasing of length amounting to 30-55 mm in involved limb after operation. "Wagner" external fixator was used in treatment of 14.3% of patients. 14.3% of patients needed corrected surgery before main surgery. 85.7% of patients needed complementary surgery after main surgery. The most common minor complication after lower limb lengthening operation created in 90% of patients was pain. The most common major complication after lower limb lengthening operation was severe equanus deformity of foot that was created in 57.1% of patients.Evaluation of 21 lower limb lengthening operation showed that more attention should be paid to lower limb lengthenig operation because of poliomyelitis handicaps and war handicaps and accessibility of instruments for operation which not only can solve cosmetic problems but also functioning of handicaps

Objective: Amputation of lower limbs accompanying with serious problems like social, economic, personal and domestic that makes life difficult. As a result of Iraq-Iran war, 578 survivors through bilateral lower limb amputation live in Iran. The purpose of this study was to investigate service satisfaction reported by Iranian bilateral lower limb amputees. Materials & Methods: In this cross sectional study, all war related bilateral lower limb amputees were invited for the interview and 335 participated (response rate=58%). Information about time of injury, the level of amputation, level of education, employment status and rate of the perceived services satisfaction were recorded using a questionnaire. Results: The mean age of the cases was 42.1 (SD=3.6). The majority of the cases were male 97.6% (n=327), and married 97.6% (n=327). The average time after injury was 22.3 (SD:3.9) years. About Two-third (n=237) were unemployed. The most common type of amputation was both below knee 37.6% (no=133). The most service satisfaction reported by amputees was educational facilities and rehabilitation, and the least satisfaction belonged to sport and recreation and health services. The most important problem in receiving health care services was waiting times for appointments and treatment 72% (n=241) and lack of some specialties in small cities 23.2% (n=78). Conclusion: According to results of the study, improvement in accessing to health care services and sport and recreation facilities can lead to higher service satisfaction in war related bilateral lower limb amputees.

Background: Lower limb amputation is the most common type of amputation in veterans. The aim of the study was to assess the orthopedic problems in war related bilateral lower limb amputees.Methods: In a cross-sectional study, 335 out of 578 survivors with bilateral lower limb amputation were assessed by three orthopedic surgeons.Results: The mean age was 42.05±6.3 and 97.6% were male. The most common cause of amputation was land mine 89.7% (601 limbs). Both trans-tibia was the most common level of amputation 37.6% (126 people). The length of stump in about half of the survivors was short or tall. The most common orthopedic problems were spasm of stump muscle 42.7% (281 limbs), which was followed by heterotypic ossification 11.55% (76 limbs), neuroma 10.2% (67 limbs), and inflammation 10.1% (67 limbs). About 10.9% of survivors needed stump revision.Conclusion: The study revealed that the prevalence of orthopedic complications among the amputees was hign. Regular and routine assessment, rehabilitation programs and treatment is necessary for the bilateral lower limb amputees.

Introduction: The impact of lower limb amputation is great on patient's physical and psychosocial functioning. In fact, the future of patients can even be affected by this experience. This study aimed to explain the experience of patients with lower limb amputation in the Red Crescent Rehabilitation Center in Tehran, Iran.Method: In a qualitative study, purposive sampling method was used to select 16 patients with lower limb amputation (below knee) in the Red Crescent Rehabilitation Center in Tehran for at least having lower limb amputated within 6 months. Data were collected through semi-structured interview. The data were analyzed based on the content analysis.Results: The results of this study revealed five main themes including perceived threats for the loss of a limb, changes in life, well-being problem, need to be understood and acceptance of loss of a limb and prosthesis.Conclusion: The patients with lower limb amputation participating in this research required adequate and correct knowledge about amputation and psychological needs and supports. The support that those receive from family and healthcare team members was unexpected for them and this issue concerns them about the amputation. Thus, the role of family and healthcare team members and rehabilitation in the training and support, especially emotional support, is essential.